Space telegraphy.



PATENTED- AUG. 16, 1904.

' J.S.STONE. v

SPAGE'TELEGRAPHY. APPLIOA TION FILED NOV. 25, 1903 N0 MODEL.

.. P. Lm "he saw w 0Q 1 INVENTUFQ v Sui-2..

WI'NESS E5 UNITED STATES Patented August 16, I904.

PATENT Y OFFICE,

' JOHN STONE STONE, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO WILLIAM W. SWAN, TRUSTEE, OF BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS.

SPACE TELEGRAPHY- SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 767,983, dated August 16, 1904.

I I Application filed November 25, 1903. Serial'llo. 182,680. (No model.) I

' To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J oHN STONE STONE, a

citizen of the United States, and a resident of J Cambridge, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Space Telegraphy, of which the following is a specification.

1 ample, a Ruhmkorff coil or an alternating-curof said condenser and spark-gap, which are conveyed to an elevated conductor An example of such system is found in my Letters Patent No. 714,7 56, December'2, 1902. In such systems the frequency of the currents in the primary of the Ruhmkorf'f coil or the frequency of thecurrents produced by the alter hating-current generator is usually low and well within the frequency of audibility in acoustic Waves. In the systems most commonly employed to-day the spark-gap is itself included in the elevated conductor and is sometimes shunted by a condenser. In such systerns under the most favorable conditions the number of electrical oscillations set up by a single primedischarge across the spark-gap rarely exceeds five or ten before the condition oscillations will have a duration of one fiftythousandth second, and there will be an interval of one one-thousandth second minus one fifty-thousandth second, during which no electric vibrations will be developed in the elevated conductor and during which, consequently, no electromagnetic waves will be radiated. V

By means of the system described in my hereinbefore-mentioned Letters Patent each discharge of the condenser in the sonorous or persistently-oscillating circuit will produce a great number of electrical vibrations or oscillations in said circuit before the amplitude of the oscillations falls to th of its initial value.

Even withthis great persistency of electrical oscillation it will be seen that unless the rate of variation of the current in the primary circuit is very high there will be, as above set forth, intervals of time during which noelectro'magnetic waves are developed.

The. object of this invention is the realization of a system in which a practically continuous train of electromagnetic waves of substantially constant amplitude is developed by producing a practically continuous train of electric vibrations of substantially constant amplitude in an elevated conductor as distinguished from those systems in which electromagnetic waves are transmitted in groups or trains separated by intervals of time during which no waves are radiated.

In Letters Patent No. 638,152, granted November 28, 1899, upon an application filed by me December 15, l896,in the art of wire telephony I have described a method of producing continuous electrical oscillations'of uniform or substantially uniform amplitude in a sonorous circuit and of impressing corresponding oscillations in a main line or signaling circuit, the object of that invention being to realize telephonic transmission over such signaling-circuit by variation of the amplitude of an oscillatory current of inaudibly is repeated.

high frequency traversing the circuit, such variationcorresponding to the sound vibrations ofthe speech to be transmitted.

I find that in the art of wireless telegraphy great advantages accrue by impressing a continuous oscillatory force upon the elevated conductor in contradistinction to periodically impressing such oscillatory force upon said elevated conductor in the manner hereinbefore briefly set forth. The apparatus and method of its operation may best be understood by having reference to the drawings which accompany and form a part of this specification.

Figure 1 represents a means of continuously impressing periodic electromotive forces upon the elevated-conductor system V S E. Fig. 2 represents a means of continuously impressing simple harmonic electromotive forces upon the elevated-conductor system V S E.

In the figures, V is an elevated conductor. is a key. I I are transformers whose windings are respectively P S and P S. C C are condensers. M is a spark-gap. G is a direct-current generator.

The circuit a G t is a circuit of large electromotive force and high resistance.

The circuit C P L M is a sonorous circuit, and in Fig. 2 the circuit C P L S is a resonant weeding-out circuit, the general function of which was first set forth by Dr. Louis Duncan in a paper published in the Zimtsactimts 0f the Amert'emt Institute of Electrical Engineers, Vol. IX, June 6, 1892, and its application to wireless telegraphy has been fully explained by me in my Letters Patent No.

In the operation of the organization shown in Fig. 1 the generator Gr charges the condenser C till the potential difference at the spark-gap M is sufiicient to overcome the dielectric strength of the intervening medium, when a disruptive discharge takesplace at that point. When such a disruptive discharge takes place, the resistance at that point becomes abruptly and enormously diminished. Owing to the resistance of the generator G, or, more generally speaking, to the impedance of the circuit M a G I), the potential difference at M immediately becomes quite insignificant. By virtue of the electromagnetic inertia of the circuit M a C P L b the condenser C overdischarges till it receives a charge in the opposite direction almost equal to the initial charge. The spark then ceases to pass across the space at M and the generator G proceeds to charge 0 in the initial direction till the potential difference at M is again sufiicient to produce a disruptive discharge at M, When the above-mentioned cycle The continuous train of electric oscillations so produced is impressed upon the elevated-conductor system V S E, and if the frequency of said oscillations be so adjusted that it corresponds to the frequency of the fundamental of said eh. ated-condnctor system a maximum amplitude of electrical oscillations will result in the vertical system and the amplitude of said oscillations will be far greater than if a train of a limited number of electric oscillations be so impressed upon the elevated-conductor system. The amplitude of the electromagnetic waves radiated from said elevated conductor is therefore correspondingly greater and uniform.

In the system shown in Fig. 52 the resonant circuit C P L S is attuned to the frequency of the electric oscillations developed by the sonorous circuit C P L M, and therefm'e renders the oscillatory elect-romotive forces impressed upon the vertical conductor simple harmonic in form. The function of the permanent magnet 71 s is the usual function of such magnet in connection with a spark-gap e 2'. e., of extinguishing the spark.

I claim- 1. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated conductor and means associated therewith for developing a continuous train of electrical oscillations therein.

2. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated conductor, means associated therewith for developing a continuous train of electrical oscillations, and means for impressing said continuous train of electrical oscillations upon said elevated conductor.

3. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated conductor and means for impressing thereon a continuous train of electrical oscillations of substantially constant amplitude.

L. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated conductor and means associated there with for developing therein a continuous train of electrical oscillations of substantially constant amplitude.

5. In a system of space telegraphy, a sonorous circuit containing a condenser, a source of direct current for charging said condenser, and an elevated conductor associated with said sonorous circuit.

6. In a system of space telegraphy, a sonorous circuit containing a condenser, a source of direct current for charging said condenser, a resonant circuit attuned to the frequency of the electrical oscillations developed by said sonorous circuit, and an elevated conductor associated with said resonant circuit.

7. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated conductor and means for impressing thereon a continuous train of electrical oscillations.

8. In a system for developing a substantially continuous train of electromagnetic waves of substantially constant amplitude, an elevated conductor and means for developing therein a substantially continuous train of electrical oscillations of substantially constai'it amplitude.

9. In a system for developing a substantially continuous train of simple harmonic electroilO magnetic waves of substantially constant amposed between said continuously-oscillating plitude, an elevated conductor andmeansfor circuit andthe elevated-conductor system.

developing therein a substantially continuous train of simple harmonic electrical oscillations of substantially constant amplitude.

10. Ina system of space telegraphy, an ele'-. vated conductor and a cont1nuously-osciHat-i.

ing circuit associated therewith. w

11. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated conductor and a continuously-oscillating circuit inductively associated therewith.

12. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated conductor and a continuously-oscillating circuit inductively associated therewith by means of a step-up transformer.

13. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated conductor system having-a definite fundamental frequency associated with a continuously-oscillating circuit adapted todevelop electrical oscillations of said frequency.

14:. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated conductor system having a definite fundamental frequency inductively associated with a'continuously oscillating circuit-adapted to develop electrical oscillations of. said frequency;

15. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated conductor system having a definite-fundamental frequencyinductively associated by meansof a step-up transformer with a contin-- uously-oscillating circuit adapted to develop" electrical oscillations of said frequency.

16-. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated conductor, a. continuously oscillating circuit, and a resonant circuit, attuned to the frequency ofthe oscillations developed bysaid continuously oscillating circuit, interposed between said continuously-oscillating"circuit and the elevated conductor. 1

associated withsaid elevated conductor by means of a step-up transformer.

19. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated-conductor system having a definite fundamental frequency, a continuously-oscillating circuit adapted to develop electrical oscillations of said frequency, and a resonant circuit, attuned to the said frequency and intersubstantially constant amplitude.

23*. Ina systemof space telegraphy, a so-"- norous circuit containing a condenser,asource 20. In a'system of space telegraphy, an elevated-conductor system having a definite funinductively associated with said elevatedconductor system.

21. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated-conductor system having a definite fundamental frequ'ency,=a continuously-oscillating circuit adapted to develop electrical oscillations of said frequency and'a resonant circuit, attuned to the said frequency and inter= posed between said continuously-oscillating space telegraphy, an-ele-' vated-conductor system having a definite fundamental frequency, and means for developing therein a continuous train of electricaloscillations of corresponding frequency and of of direct current for charging said condenser,

and an elevated con ductor system associated of direct current for charging said condenser,

. norous circuit containing a condenser, asource 17. In a system of space telegraphy, an ele-'- a resonant-circuit attuned to the frequency of the electrical oscillations developed by the said sonorous circuit and anelevated-conductor system associated with said resonant circuit and attuned as to its fundamental to the said frequency.

r 25. In a system of space telegraphy, a sonorous circuit containing a condenser, a source of direct current for charging said condenser, a resonant circuit attuned to the frequency of the electrical oscillations developed by the said sonorous circuit and an elevated -conductor scribed my name this 24th day of November;

- JOHN STONE STONE.

. Witnesses:

G. A. HIGGINS,

BRAINERD T. J DKINs- 

